Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer

Vol. 8 No. 1 (2023)

Articles

Different Approaches to Sunni-Shi‘I Exegetical Differences: Al-Ṭabāṭabā’ī, Hamka, and Shihab on Ahl Al-Bayt

https://doi.org/10.55831/ajis.v8i1.555

Published 10.06.2023

  • Izza Rohman
Izza Rohman
Lecturer, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka, Indonesia

Abstract

Exploring how Qur’ān exegetes deal with differences helps reveal different ways Muslims approach their internal diversity. This study examines the approaches of three modern exegetes incorporating both Sunni and Shi‘i literature in their works, i.e. al-Ṭabāṭabā’ī (1904-1981), Hamka (1908-1981), and Quraish Shihab (1944-), to addressing exegetical differences around Ahl al-Bayt mentioned in sūrat al-Aḥzab verse 33. Taking the inspiration of conflict resolution strategies to notice the three scholars’ concern for Sunnism and Shi’ism, this study finds that they demonstrate different levels of concern: al-Ṭabāṭabā’ī is ‘fully competing’, Hamka is ‘partially avoiding’, and Shihab is ‘partially compromising’. Their different interpretive strategies can explain this difference: al-Ṭabāṭabā’ī employs an objectivist approach of ‘interpretation of the Qur’ān in light of the Qur’ān itself’, Hamka focuses on a lucid style of Qur’ān interpretation accessible to a broader audience, and Shihab prefers a multi-subjective approach. This study implies that there is still a lack of tafsīr having equally serious concern for both Sunni and Shi‘a.

Keywords

Ahl al-Bayt, Sunni-Shi'i tafsir, al-Tabataba'i, Hamka, Quraish Shihab

PDF

References

  1. al-Alūsī, Maḥmūd. Rūḥ al-Ma‘ānī fī Tafsīr al-Qur’ān al-‘Aẓīm wa al-Sab‘ al-Mathānī. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmīyah, 2001.
  2. al-Andalusī, Abū Ḥayyān. Tafsīr al-Baḥr al-Muḥīṭ [The Encircling Ocean]. Beirut: Dār al- Kutub al-‘Ilmīyah, 2001.
  3. al-Awsī, ‘Alī. al-Ṭabāṭabā’ī wa Manhajuhu fī Tafsīrihi al-Mīzān [al-Ṭabāṭabā’ī and his Methodology in his Tafsir al-Mīzān]. Tehran: Mu‘āwanīyat al-Ri’āsah li al-‘Alāqāt al- Duwalīyah fī Munaẓẓamat al-I‘lām al-Islāmī, 1985.
  4. al-Bayḍāwī, Abū Sa’īd ‘Abd Allāh. Tafsīr al-Bayḍāwī al-Musammā Anwār al-Tanzīl wa Asrār al-Ta’wīl [Al-Bayḍāwī’s Commentary Titled the Lights of Revelation and the Secrets of Interpretation]. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmīyah, 2008.
  5. al-Ḥibarī, Abū ‘Abd Allāh al-Ḥusayn. Tafsīr al-Ḥibarī. Mu’assasat al-Bayt li Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-Islāmī, 1405 AH/1984-1985.
  6. Al-Hilali, Muhammad Taqi-ud-Din, and Muhammad Muhsin Khan, trans. The Noble Qur’ān: English Translation of the Meanings and Commentary. Madinah: King Fahd Complex for the Printing of the Holy Qur’ān, n.d.
  7. al-Janābadhī, Sulṭān Muḥammad. Tafsīr Bayān al-Sa’ādah fī Maqāmāt al-‘Ibādah [Happy Clarification on the Stations of Worship]. Beirut: Manshūrāt Mu’assasat al-A’lamī li al- Maṭbū’āt, n.d.
  8. al-Jawzī, ‘Abd al-Raḥmān. Zād al-Masīr fī ‘Ilm al-Tafsīr [Provisions for the Journey on the Science of Qur’ān Interpretation]. Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islāmī, 1984.
  9. Al-Jazā’irī, Abū Bakr. Aysar al-Tafāsīr li Kalām al-‘Alīy al-Kabīr [The Easiest Interpretation of the Word of the Most High the Most Great]. Madinah: Maktabat al-‘Ulūm wa al-Ḥikam, 2003.
  10. Al-Kāshānī, Muḥsin al-Fayḍ. Tafsīr al-Ṣāfī [The Clear]. Tehran: Manshūrāt Maktabat al-Ṣadr, 1415 AH/1994-1995.
  11. al-Kūfī, Furāt. Tafsīr Furāt al-Kūfī. Tehran: Vizārat Farhāng va Irshād Islāmī, 1995. al-Māwardī, Abū al-Ḥasan ‘Alī. al-Nukat wa al-‘Uyūn [Wells and Springs]. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmīyah & Mu’assasat al-Kutub al-Thaqāfīyah, n.d.
  12. al-Qāsimī, Muḥammad Jamāl al-Dīn. Maḥāsin al-T a’wīl [The Beauties of Qur’ān Interpretation]. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmīyah, 1997.
  13. al-Qummī, ‘Alī. Tafsīr al-Qummī. Qum: Mu’assasat Dār al-Kitāb, 1404 AH/1983-1984. al-Sabziwārī, Muḥammad. al-Jadīd fī Tafsīr al-Qur’ān al-Majīd [The New in the Interpretation of the Noble Qur’ān]. Beirut: Dār al-Ta’āruf li al-Maṭbū’āt, 1985.
  14. al-Ṣādiqī, Muḥammad. al-Furqān fī Tafsīr al-Qur’ān bi al-Qur’ān wa al-Sunnah [The Criterion on Qur’ān Interpretation in Light of the Qur’ān and the Sunna]. Tehran: Intishārāt Farhāng Islāmī, 1406 AH/1985-1986.
  15. al-Ṣāwī, Aḥmad. Ḥāshiyah ‘alā Tafsīr al-Jalālayn [Annotation of the Qur’ānic Commentary of Jalāl al-Dīn al-Maḥallī and Jalāl al-Dīn al-Suyūṭī]. Cairo: al-Maktabah al-Azharīyah, 1926.
  16. al-Shanqīṭī, Muḥammad al-Amīn. Aḍwā’ al-Bayān fī Īḍāḥ al-Qur’ān bi al-Qur’ān [The Lights of Clarification on Explaining the Qur’ān in Light of the Qur’ān]. Mecca: Dār ‘Ālam al- Fawā’id, 1426 AH/2005-2006.
  17. al-Shawkānī, Muḥammad. Fatḥ al-Qadīr al-Jāmi’ bayna Fanīy al-Riwāyah wa al-Dirāyah min ‘Ilm al-Tafsīr [The Inspiration of the All-powerful: The Combination between Narration- based and Reason-based Approaches in the Science of Qur’ān Interpretation]. Beirut: Dār al-Ma’rifah, 2007.
  18. al-Suyūṭī, Jalāl al-Dīn. al-Durr al-Manthūr fī al-Tafsīr bi al-Ma’thūr [Scattered Pearls on Narration-based Qur’ān Interpretation]. Cairo: Markaz Hajr li al-Buḥūth wa al-Dirāsāt al- ‘Arabīyah wa al-Islāmīyah, 2003.
  19. al-Ṭabarsī, al-Faḍl. Majma‘ al-Bayān fī Tafsīr al-Qur’ān [The Confluence of Clarification on Qur’ānic Commentary]. Beirut: Dār al-‘Ulūm, 2005.
  20. al-Ṭabāṭabā’ī, Muḥammad Ḥusayn. al-Mīzān fī Tafsīr al-Qur’ān [The Balance in Qur’ān Interpretation]. Beirut: Mu’assasat al-A‘lamī li al-Maṭbū‘āt, 1997.
  21. al-Tha‘ālibī, ‘Abd al-Raḥmān. Tafsīr al-Tha‘ālibī al-Musammā bi Jawāhir al-Ḥisān fī Tafsīr al-Qur’ān [al-Tha‘ālibī’s Commentary Titled the Gems of the Splendid Ones on the Interpretation of the Qur’ān]. Beirut: Dār Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-‘Arabī & Mu’assasat al-Tārīkh al-‘Arabī, 1997.
  22. al-Ṭūsī, Muḥammad. al-T ibyān fī T afsīr al-Qur’ān [The Explanation on Qur’ānic Commentary]. Beirut: Dār Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-‘Arabī, n.d.
  23. al-Zamakhsharī, Abū al-Qāsim Maḥmūd. al-Kashshāf ‘an Ḥaqā’iq Ghawāmiḍ al-Tanzīl wa ‘Uyūn al-Aqāwīl fī Wujūh al-Ta’wīl [The Unveiler of the Realities of the Hidden Matters of Revelation and the Choicest Statements on Aspects of its Interpretation]. Cairo: al-Maṭba’ah al-‘Āmirah al-Sharqīyah, 1407 AH/1986-1987.
  24. Barsky, Allan Edward. Conflict Resolution for the Helping Professions: Negotiation, Mediation, Advocacy, Facilitation, and Restorative Justice, 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2017.
  25. Cupach, William R., Daniel J. Canary and Brian H. Spitzberg. Competence in Interpersonal Conflict, 2nd ed. Long Grove: Waveland Press, 2009.
  26. Dastranj, Fatemeh, and Mansoreh Arab. “The Discourse Analysis of the Al-Taṭhīr Verse in Shia and Sunni Interpretations.” International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 6, no. 3 (2019): 1104-17.
  27. Hamka. Di Tepi Sungai Dajlah [On the Banks of the Dajlah River]. Jakarta: Gema Insani, 2019. Hamka. Pelajaran Agama Islam [Islamic Lessons]. Jakarta: Republika, 2018.
  28. Hamka. Sejarah Umat Islam [The Muslim History]. Jakarta: Gema Insani, 2020.
  29. Hamka. Tafsir Al-Azhar. Singapore: Pustaka Nasional, 2001.
  30. Harris, Sandra, and Steve Jenkins. Conflicts in Culture: Strategies to Understand and Resolve the Issues. Plymouth: Rowman & Littlefield, 2013.
  31. Ibn ‘Ajībah, Abū al-‘Abbās Aḥmad. al-Baḥr al-Madīd fī Tafsīr al-Qur’ān al-Majīd [The Immense Ocean on the Interpretation of the Noble Qur’ān]. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al- ‘Ilmīyah, 2005.
  32. Ibn ‘Āshūr, Muḥammad al-Ṭāhir. al-Taḥrīr wa al-Tanwīr [The Liberation and the Enlightenment]. Tunis: al-Dār al-Tūnisīyah li al-Nashr, 1984.
  33. Ibn Kathīr, Abū al-Fidā’ Ismā’īl. Tafsīr al-Qur’ān al-‘Aẓīm [Interpretation of the Glorious Qur’ān]. Cairo: Mu’assasah Qurṭubah & Maktabat Awlād al-Shaykh li al-Turāth, 2000.
  34. Mokhtari, Mohammad Hossein. “The Exegesis of Tabatabaei and the Hermeneutics of Hirsch: A Comparative Study.” PhD diss., Durham University, 2007.
  35. Musolli. “Ahlul Bayt Perspektif Syiah dan Sunni: Studi Tafsir al-Mīzān dan Tafsir Taḥrīr wa al-Tanwīr.” [Ahl al-Bayt in Shi‘i and Sunni Perspectives: A Study of Tafsīrs of al-Mīzān and al-Taḥrīr wa al-Tanwīr]. At-Turaś 4, no. 1 (2017): 97-107.
  36. Qarā’ī, ‘Alī Qulī, trans. The Qur’ān: With a Phrase-by-Phrase English Translation. London: ICAS, 2005.
  37. Quṭb, Sayyid. Fī Ẓilāl al-Qur’ān [In the Shade of the Qur’ān]. Cairo: Dār al-Shurūq, 2003.
  38. Ramsbotham, Oliver, Tom Woodhouse, and Hugh Miall. Contemporary Conflict Resolution: The Prevention, Management and Transformation of Deadly Conflicts, 2nd ed. Cambridge: Polity, 2010.
  39. Riḍā, Muḥammad Rashīd. Tafsīr al-Qur’ān al-Ḥakīm al-Mashhūr bi Ism Tafsīr al-Manār [The Interpretation of the Wise Qur’ān Popularly Known under the Title of Tafsīr al-Manār]. Cairo: Dār al-Manār, 1947.
  40. Rohman, Izza. “Intra-Quranic Connections in Sunni and Shi‘i Tafsirs: A Meeting Point or Another Area of Contestation?” Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies 3, no. 1 (2013): 73-95.
  41. Rohman, Izza. Tafsīr al-Qur’ān bi al-Qur’ān: Sectarian Tendencies in al-Ṭabāṭabā’i’s al- Mīzān and al-Shanqītī’s Aḍwā’ al-Bayān. Tangerang Selatan: Al-Wasat, 2016.
  42. Ryan, Michael, and Stephanie L. Castro. “Conflict within Organizations.” In Encyclopedia of Applied Psychology: A-E Volume 1, edited by Charles Donald Spielberger, 447-55. Academic Press, 2004.
  43. Shihab, M. Quraish. Sunnah-Syiah Bergandengan Tangan! Mungkinkah? Kajian atas Konsep Ajaran dan Pemikiran [Sunni and Shi’a Being Hand in Hand! Is it Possible? A Study of Their Doctrines and Thought]. Tangerang: Lentera Hati, 2007.
  44. Shihab, M. Quraish. Tafsir al-Mishbah: Pesan, Kesan, dan Keserasian al-Qur’ān [The Lamp: The Messages, Impressions, and Coherence of the Qur’ān]. Jakarta: Lentera Hati, Perpustakaan Umum Islam Iman Jama’ and Paguyuban Yayasan Ikhlas, 2011.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.