Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer

Altruistic Leadership for the Ummah in Crisis

Abstract

This paper is a study of the concept of leadership in the context of the crisis of the Muslim world. It is a conceptual paper which relies exclusively on published materials on leadership in general and Muslim leadership in particular. The purpose of this study is to draw on some of the modern ideas and theories of leadership and present a critical discussion as well as a model of leadership which in this case is altruistic leadership. The aim is to offer a solution to the crisis of the Muslim world through the development and implementation of altruistic leadership. The paper argue that the Muslim world is in crisis because of an absence of a useful and effective leadership.  It posits that the crisis can be ameliorated or even averted if the ummah utilises the altruistic leadership in the governance practice.

Keywords

Altruistic leadership, Muslim world, Crisis, Muslim leadership, Ummah

PDF

References

  1. AbuSulayman, AbdulḤamid. Crisis in the Muslim Mind. Herndon: International Institute of Islamic Thought, 1993.
  2. Al-Bukhari, Abu Abdallah Muhammad ibn Ismail. The Translation of the Meanings of Sahih al-Bukhari: Arabic-English. Translated by Muhammad Muhsin Khan. Chicago: Kazi Publications, 1979.
  3. Al-Ghazali, Muhammad. “The Intellectual Crisis of the Ummah–i.” The Milli Gazette, May 29, 2015. Accessed February 15, 2023. https://www.milligazette.com/news/islamic- perspectives/12497-the-intellectual-crisis-of-the-ummah-i/.
  4. Ali, Jan. “Modernity, Its Crisis and Islamic Revivalism.” Religions 14, no. 1 (2022): 15.
  5. Ali, Saba. “Psychology and Sunni Muslims.” In The Psychologies in Religion: Working with the Religious Client, edited by Edmund Dowd and Stevan Nielsen, 221–236. Berlin: Springer, 2006.
  6. Allawi, Ali. The Crisis of Islamic Civilization. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009.
  7. Al-Tamimi al-Amudi, Abdal Wahid. Ghurar Al-Hikam Wa Durar Al-Kalim, Exalted Aphorisms and Pearls of Speech: A Collection of Aphorisms of Imam ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib. Translated by Tahir Ridha Jaffer. Qum: Ansariyan Publications, 2012.
  8. Anjum, Faraz. “Crisis of Muslim Civilization in Modern Times: Some Insights from Ibn-e- Khaldun’s Thoughts and Ideas.” Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization 1 (2011): 150– 163.
  9. Antonakis, John, Anna Cianciolo and Robert Sternberg. The Nature of Leadership. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2004.
  10. Aritz, Jolanta, Robyn Walker, Peter Cardon and Li Zhang. “Discourse of Leadership: The Power of Questions in Organizational Decision Making. International Journal of Business Communication 54, no. 2 (2017): 161–181.
  11. Armstrong, Karen. Islam: A Short History. London: Phoenix Press, 2002.
  12. Armstrong, Karen. Muhammad: A Biography of the Prophet. London: Gollancz,1991.
  13. Armstrong, Karen. Muhammad: A Prophet for our Time. San Francisco: HarperOne, 2007.
  14. Bass, Bernard. Stogdill’s Handbook of Leadership: A Survey of Theory and Research, 4th ed. New York: Free Press, 2008.
  15. Bass, Bernard, and Ruth Bass. The Bass Handbook of Leadership: Theory, Research, and Managerial Applications, 4th ed. New York: Free Press, 2009.
  16. Baxter, Leslie, and Dawn Braithwaite. Engaging Theories in Interpersonal Communication: Multiple Perspectives. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, 2008.
  17. Beck, Ulrich. Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity. Translated by Mark Ritter. London: Sage Publications, 1992.
  18. Bernard, Hinsdale, Daniel Drake, James Paces and Heidi Raynor. “Student-Centered Educational Reform: The Impact of Parental and Educator Support of Student Diligence.” The School Community Journal 6 (1996): 9–25.
  19. Block, Peter. Stewardship: Choosing Service Over Self-Interest, 2nd ed. Oakland, CA: Berrett- Koehler Publishers, 2013.
  20. Brown, Jonathan. Muhammad: A Very Short Introduction. London: Oxford University Press, 2011.
  21. Bryman, Alan, David Collinson, Keith Grint, Brad Jackson and Mary Uhl-Bien, eds. The SAGE Handbook of Leadership. London, UK: SAGE, 2012.
  22. Burns, James. Leadership. New York, NY: Harper & Row, 1978.
  23. Day, David, and John Antonakis, eds. The Nature of Leadership, 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks: SAGE, 2012.
  24. Dekmejian, Richard. “The Anatomy of Islamic Revival: Legitimacy Crisis, Ethnic Conflict and the Search for Islamic Alternatives.” Middle East Journal 34 (1980): 1–12.
  25. Derue, David, Jennifer Nahrgang, Ned Wellman and Stephen Humphrey. “Trait and Behavioral Theories of Leadership: An Integration and Meta‐analytic Test of their Relative Validity.” Personnel Psychology 4 (2011): 7-52.
  26. Descartes, René. Discourse on Method, Optics, Geometry, and Meteorology, revised ed. Translated by Paul Oscamp. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing, 2001.
  27. Dinh, Jessica, Robert Lord, William Gardner, Jeremy Meuser, Robert Liden and Jinyu Hu. “Leadership Theory and Research in the New Millennium: Current Theoretical Trends and Changing Perspectives.” The Leadership Quarterly 25, no. 1 (2014): 36–62.
  28. Esposito, John, ed. The Islamic World: Past and Present, vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.
  29. Fleychuk, Mariya, Iryna Moyseyenko and Tatyana Khudyakova. “The Phenomenon of Leadership in the Modern World.” In Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, vol. 318, edited by Wadim Striełkowski, 61-67. Paris: Atlantis Press, 2019.
  30. Forgeard, Valerie. “Do Humans Need Leadership.” Last modified March 25, 2022. Accessed February 15, 2023. https://brilliantio.com/do-humans-need-leadership/.
  31. Galton, Francis. Hereditary Genius: An Inquiry into its Laws and Consequences. London: Forgotten Books, 2018.
  32. Giddens, Anthony. “Risk and Responsibility.” Modern Law Review 62, no. 1 (1999): 1–10. Haber, Stephen. Climate, T echnology, and the Evolution of Economic and Political Institutions. PERC Research Paper no. 12/2. Stanford: Stanford University, 2012.
  33. Hansen, Morten, Nitin Nohria and Thomas Tierney. “What’s Your Strategy for Managing Knowledge.” Harvard Business Review 2 (1999): 106–116.
  34. Hickman, Gill, ed. Leading Organizations: Perspectives for a New Era, 3rd ed. Los Angeles: SAGE, 2016.
  35. Higgs, Malcolm. “How Can We Make Sense of Leadership in the 21st Century?” Leadership and Organization Development Journal 24 (2003): 273–284.
  36. Jabeen, Afifa. “The Prophet: A Communication Role Model.” Arab News, June 14, 2012. Accessed February 15, 2023. https://www.arabnews.com/islam-perspective/prophet- communication-role-model.
  37. Jenkins, Richard. Foundations of Sociology. London: Palgrave MacMillan, 2002.
  38. Judge, Timothy, Joyce Bono, Remus Ilies and Megan Gerhardt. “Personality and Leadership: A Qualitative and Quantitative Review.” Journal of Applied Psychology 87 (2002): 765– 780.
  39. Kim, Hyeon-Wook, and Zia Qureshi. Growth in a Time of Change: Global and Country Perspectives on a New Agenda. Washington: Brookings Institution Press, 2020.
  40. King, Albert. “Evolution of Leadership Theory.” Vikalpa 15 (1990): 43–56.
  41. Kalin, Ibrahim. “Crisis in the Muslim World.” Daily Sabah, July 7, 2015. Accessed February 15, 2023. https://www.dailysabah.com/columns/ibrahim-kalin/2015/07/07/crisis-in-the-muslim-world.
  42. Kets de Vries, Manfred. “Leadership in Organizations, Sociology of.” In International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2nd ed., edited by James D. Wright, 664–669. Oxford: Elsevier, 2015.
  43. King, Robert, and Ross Levine. “Finance, Entrepreneurship and Growth.” Journal of Monetary Economics 32 (1993): 513–542.
  44. Kšstenberger, Andreas. Excellence: The Character of God and the Pursuit of Scholarly Virtue. Wheaton: Crossway, 2011.
  45. Kuran, Timur. “Why the Middle East is Economically Underdeveloped: Historical Mechanisms of Institutional Stagnation.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 18 (2004): 71–90.
  46. Kuru, Ahmet. Islam, Authoritarianism and Underdevelopment: A Global and Historical Comparison. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019.
  47. Li, Wen Dong, Richard Arvey, Zhen Zhang and Zhaoli Song. “Do Leadership Role Occupancy and Transformational Leadership Share the Same Genetic and Environmental Influences?” Leadership Quarterly 23 (2012): 233–43.
  48. Matthews, Gerald, Ian Deary and Martha Whiteman. Personality Traits, 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
  49. Moore, B. “The May Conference on Leadership.” Personnel Journal 6 (1927): 124–128.
  50. Nolan, Patrick, and Gerhard Lenski. Human Societies: An Introduction to Macrosociology, 11th ed. Boulder: Paradigm, 2009.
  51. Northouse, Peter. Introduction to Leadership: Concepts and Practice, 2nd ed. Los Angeles: Sage, 2012.
  52. Northouse, Peter. Leadership Theory and Practices. Los Angeles: Sage Publications, 2013.
  53. Rafiki, Ahmad. “Islamic Leadership: Comparisons and Qualities.” In Digital Leadership - A New Leadership Style for the 21st Century, edited by Mario Franco, 129-144. London: Intechopen, 2020.
  54. Rifai, Sulaiman. “Muslim Countries and the Underdevelopment: An Islamic Perspective.” SSRN, May 27, 2021. Accessed February 15, 2023. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3854422.
  55. Robinson, Francis. “Crisis of Authority: Crisis of Islam?” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 19 (2009): 339-354.
  56. Rosenbach, William, Robert Taylor and Mark Youndt, eds. Contemporary Issues in Leadership, 7th ed. New York: Routledge, 2014.
  57. Rost, Joseph. Leadership for the Twenty-first Century. New York: Praeger, 1991.
  58. Savolainen, Taina, and Sari Häkkinen. “Trusted to Lead: Trustworthiness and its Impact on Leadership.” Technology Innovation Management Review, March 2011. Accessed February 15, 2023. https://timreview.ca/article/429.
  59. Sidani, Yusuf. “Ibn Khaldun of North Africa: An AD 1377 Theory of Leadership.” Journal of Management History 14 (2008): 73–86.
  60. Singh, Surendra. “Models of Communication: An Overview.” The Eastern Anthropologist 37 (1984): 16.
  61. Sternberg, Robert. “WICS: A Model of Leadership in Organizations.” Academy of Management Learning & Education 2 (2003): 386–401.
  62. Mumford, Michael. Pathways to Outstanding Leadership: A Comparative Analysis of Charismatic, Ideological, and Pragmatic Leaders. Mahwah: Erlbaum, 2006.
  63. Ndlela, Martin. “Knowledge Management in the Public Sector: Communication Issues and Challenges at Local Government Level.” In Proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Knowledge Management, edited by Eduardo Tomé, 711–716 (Famalicao: Academic Publishing, 2010).
  64. Pryor, Frederic. “The Economic Impact of Islam on Developing Countries.” World Development 35, no. 11 (2007): 1815–1835.
  65. Rahman, Mahfuzur, Hasanul Banna, Arphan Ali and Saifur Rahman. “Analysis of Quality Leadership in Reviving Economies and Politics in Muslim Countries.” Business and Economic Research 4 (2014): 113–146.
  66. Sternberg, Robert, and Victor Vroom. “The Person Versus the Situation in Leadership.” Leadership Quarterly 13 (2002): 301–323.
  67. Uslu, Osman. “A General Overview to Leadership Theories from a Critical Perspective.” Marketing and Management of Innovations 1 (2019): 161–172.
  68. Waters, Dagmar, and Tony Waters, eds. Weber’s Rationalism and Modern Society: New Translations on Politics, Bureaucracy, and Social Stratification. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.
  69. Waywell, Tyler. “A Failure to Modernize: The Origins of 20th Century Islamic Fundamentalism.” Concord Review 16 (2006): 159–190.
  70. Williams, Michael. Leadership for Leaders. London: Thorogood, 2005.
  71. Yukl, Gary. Learning in Organizations. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 2002.
  72. Zaccaro, Stephen. “Trait-based Perspectives of Leadership.” American Psychologist 62 (2007): 6-16.
  73. Zeidan, Adam. “Imam.” Encyclopedia Britannica, August 5 2022. Accessed February 15, 2023. https://www.britannica.com/topic/imam.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.